Melville’s “Bartleby the Scrivener”: Humorous or Tragic? Essay

If ever there are two opposite themes offered in the telling of one tale, it is in Herman Melville’s short story, â€Å"Bartleby the Scrivener†. As his perspective swings between the objective and subjective, so swings the theme from comedy to tragedy. Regardless of the two perspectives from which Herman Melville relates the story of Bartleby, the telling of a tragic story with humorous subjectivity, the story’s plot and outcome determines the categorization. In fact, had Melville not peppered the story with his narrative, light-hearted, internal musings, and shared with the audience a â€Å"grasping at straw† style of rationalization, the main theme could only have been categorized as tragic. Regardless of the two perspectives from which Herman Melville relates the story of Bartleby, the telling of a tragic story sprinkled with humorous subjectivity, the actual story line, through its progression should determine its categorization. For this reason, Bartl eby the Scrivener, is a tragedy. Throughout the story Melville relates the many troubling incidents experienced with the mysterious copier. Bartleby’s reactions to his superior are so unlike those which most of us have ever experienced, human nature causes the reader to attempt to apply logic to his eccentricities. When asked to proofread a copy, Bartleby’s outrageous answer is, â€Å"I prefer not to†. Having just been introduced to Bartleby and still formulating a first impression, the audience is required to grapple with a logical explanation for his troubling behaviour. At that point, Melville introduces his first bit of comic relief, enlisting the audience’s empathy in stating, â€Å"To befriend Bartleby; to humour him in his strange wilfulness will cost me little or nothing, while I lay up in my soul what will eventually prove a sweet morsel for my conscience†. Since there is no excusing Bartleby’s behaviour, Melville finds solace in rationalizing his reaction and the r eader is quick to empathize, having found no explanation for the behaviour. When his conscience no longer provides for rationalizing the acceptance of Bartleby’s strange behaviour, Melville invites the reader to appreciate the behaviour’s usefulness. To some degree, the â€Å"little guy† in us is somewhat envious of Bartleby’s statement, â€Å"I prefer not to†. How many times would we have used this statement in our lives if we had no fear of the  repercussions? As the story progresses and Bartleby’s behaviour is becoming the norm, the banter between Mr. Nippers, Turkey and the lawyer becomes filled with the word â€Å"prefer†, the expression which has caused everyone such grief up to that point. After suggesting that Bartleby â€Å"would prefer to take a quart of good ale every day†, Turkey states, â€Å"Oh. Prefer? Oh yes – queer word. I never use it myself†. He then replies, â€Å"Oh, certainly, sir, if you prefer that I should†, upon being asked to leave the room. Melville is calling on the reader’s â€Å"little guy† to relate to the subconsciously driven behaviour of the characters. As the employer becomes more agitated, as a result of his circle of friends and acquaintances’ comments, Melville shares his mental gymnastics with the reader. His though process begins with the suggestion that, allowing Bartleby’s occupation of his offices would result in him having to â€Å"mason up his remains in the wall†, when he died. This not being a logical solution, he moves on to the question of whether or not Bartleby could be considered a vagrant. The reader is astonished with his conclusion that, not only will he not force Bartleby to move, he, himself will move without Bartleby. However extreme the employer’s solution has become, the reader can offer no solution and is dragged, empathetically, once again, into the rationalization of the employer, yet still amused by the bizarre situation. Melville lends humour to one conversation between the lawyer and Bartleby, in the form of contradiction. While visiting Bartleby at the office where he had been left, the lawyer again makes suggestions to Bartleby of ways in which he can better his circumstances. Along with the usual â€Å"I prefer not to†, all suggestions were punctuated with, â€Å"I am not particular†. It is at this point in the story, although amusing in its use of contradiction, the reader comes to realize that Bartleby is not making any kind of statement in his refusal to conform. Having become more evident as the story has progressed, is the fact that Bartleby’s amusing, shocking and at times humorous behaviour is not personality driven but driven by his mental instability. As the story winds down, Melville allows no more room for amusement at  Bartleby’s expense. Bartleby has wound up in â€Å"The Tombs, or to speak more properly, the Halls of Justice†. He has rejected the lawyer’s attempts at conversation and although the lawyer is still trying to make Bartleby’s life easier in the few ways he can, Bartleby refuses to acknowledge it. The sad rumour is shared with the reader, about Bartleby’s experience in the Dead Letter Office, which helps to explain Bartleby’s mental state. Once again, the reader is required to examine his own conscience. Bartleby, as it turns out, if not a product of humanity with all its flaws, is at least an example of it. He draws our attention to this in exclaiming, â€Å"Ah Bartleby! Ah humanity!† â€Å"Bartleby, the Scrivener: A Story of Wall-street†, should be considered a tragedy, if not in the nature of the story-telling, then in the unfolding of the plot. The characters’ eccentricities, when coupled with the narrator’s take on them, have allowed Melville to present the tragedy in an amusing manner but Bartleby has lead such a sad life ending in such a regrettable way, this short story is tragic in theme.

Coastal management involves developing strategies Essay

Coastal management involves developing strategies that are designed to protect and preserve the coastal environment. The actions of humans have altered the operation of the natural coastal processes. During our fieldwork we have learned the key issues of coastal management and their strategies and the way they address them at Cronulla Beach. The three key geographical processes that shape the coastal environment are erosion, transportation and deposition. The key issues relating to coastal management at Cronulla beach are Pollution, Tourism, Introduced Plants and Population Growth. Pollution is one main key issue at Cronulla beach because people are littering they are eating on the beach. There are factories near the beach which is very bad for the environment as the smoke from the factories is going into the water is not safe as all the toxic will be in the water and it would not be safe for people to swim. Tourist come to the beach as it is a very popular destination for the residents and tourist. During holiday times the population of these areas can double, placing pressure on the infrastructure and environment of the area. Recreational activities like four-wheel driving places pressure on the coastal environment if it is not carefully managed, large dune areas and beaches where vehicles are given access can be highly susceptible to erosion. Population growth is the overdevelopment and rapid growth of coastal areas occur due to the current Australian trend for people to move from large cities to smaller coastal towns and villages where the lifestyle is more relaxed. Introduced plants have areas along east coast which have become invaded by introduced plants. The bitou brush or Chrysanthemoides Monilifera introduced in Australia in 1908. This plant can overtake native vegetation and this would not offer sand dunes have same protection against wind erosion as it is covered by native vegetation. The management strategies used to address the issues at Cronulla Beach is Seabee wall, fencing and signage/ rubbish bins. Seabee walls are used to minimize the impact of erosion behind the wall and protect road, paths and residential area. The slope encourages the wave to move back out to sea. Where it is reducing the speed of the wave and the lip redirects the wave back out to sea. The holes are to trap the water so the wave slows down and  depthposion bought the sand. There are no sand dunes at Elouera or Wanda in Cronulla because they have sand dunes there and the sand dune would protect what is behind it. Fences are a useful management technique used to ensure adequate access to beach for people while protecting the vegetation that stabilizes the sand dunes. The advantage of fence is that they secure the beach, it shows where people are allowed to walk. Signage is very important when it come to beaches as it tells people what you can and cannot do on the beach basically tells you what you are allowed to do on any beach but the signage stops bad things from happening to the beaches and what you are meant to do on the beach. Rubbish bins are just as important it keeps all the litter away from the beach and makes sure that it does not harm the coastal environment and keeps the beach looking neat and tidy and that it is not going into the water and harm the sea creatures that are in the water. People should not have to go and tidy up after other people who dump their rubbish on the beach. In conclusion, there are many things that we can do for the coastal environment and the issues that relate to beaches and how you can management them through strategies and it is also for the future generations it is to preserve and conserve for them so there is still a beach by the time it is the future.

Body Dissatisfaction in Adolescent Females and Males Essay

Body Dissatisfaction in Adolescent Females and Males - Essay Example In fact, each disorder or ailment needs to be examined from the inside first – this will provide necessary information on the origins of the disorder and factors that might cause, increase or reduce it. Being aware of internal mechanisms of disorder development, specialist will be able to affect needed details of an adolescent’s psyche. For instance, in our case, knowing of the impact of parent’s support or criticism on development of body dissatisfaction, one is able to define positive parental relations and support as one of the protective factors.According to the data provided in the article, body dissatisfaction issues related to such appearance aspects as shape or weight are rather widespread especially in the Western society. The level of body dissatisfaction reaches 46% in girls and 26% in boys, while the percentage of adolescents satisfied with their appearance is rather low: 12% of girls and 17% of boys (Presnell). While compared in adolescent girls and boys, body dissatisfaction details have both common and distinctive features. First, according to the article, it is historically predetermined that thinness has always been considered more important aspect of female beauty standards. In other words, thinness has been perceived as a key criterion of women’s appearance. In boys, this has predominantly been weight and muscles. Another difference between boys and girls regarding body dissatisfaction lies in the effect of media on their perception of their bodies.

Strategic Human Resources Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Strategic Human Resources Plan - Essay Example Strategy formulation is one of the ways of achieving this objective. It has the capability of transforming the organization. It is very important that the human resources of the business are aligning with the business model in order to support the organization's objectives (Baki, 2004). There are a variety of HR strategies that Ford can use; some of the firms use a combination of this in order to accomplish their goals. That strategy should be implemented which is likely to have a significant impact on the workers productivity and an impact on the human resource of the company. Ford is the world's fourth largest and one of the most successful automaker therefore it needs a strategy that will have a global impact and facilitate the entire organization across the globe to benefit from it. E-HR model is one of the ways of making use of the technology in order to control the human resource of the organization. This strategy can save costs and make the system a lot more efficient and enhance decision making in the organization. Its software and computer based tools can help the company in measurement, planning and controlling process. Ford is the world's fourth largest and one of the most successful automaker therefore it needs a strategy that will have a global impact and facilitate the entire organization across the globe to benefit from it. E-HR model is one of the ways of making use of the technology in order to control the human resource of the organization. This strategy can save costs and make the system a lot more efficient and enhance decision making in the organization. Its software and computer based tools can help the company in measurement, planning and controlling process. Suggested strategy and tactics for the function Ford is the world's fourth largest and one of the most successful automaker therefore it needs a strategy that will have a global impact and facilitate the entire organization across the globe to benefit from it. E-HR model is one of the ways of making use of the technology in order to control the human resource of the organization. This strategy can save costs and make the system a lot more efficient and enhance decision making in the organization. Its software and computer based tools can help the company in measurement, planning and controlling process (Daft, 2001). Improvement in the organizational performance Like technology has made work a more lot easier in various other fields it has also in HR management. With the inclusion of e-technology in Ford there would be less paper work involved as most of the work will be computerized. The company can benefit from the e-learning tools; there can be online tracking systems and assessment tests for the employees. Accurate data will be generated by the computer which can help in decision making for the senior management through the use of six sigma tools and the supply chain techniques and keep a track of the progress and need for improvement. This kind of information is helpful in maintaining employee retention, compensation and assessment decisions. if the implementation is effective then this strategy can have its long term impact on the HR because the use of technology has made work more efficient, fast and informed decisions are made closer to the customer. Larger data bases help to reduce the failure rate and increase the quality of decisi on making and alert the management in advance of any upcoming threats or problem so that timely action can be taken. Therefore the impact on this on Ford is going to be high (Hakala, 2008) . Key action items This strategy requires the implementation of technology and human resource information system in all the HR processes. Up to date technology and software are expensive and require training in order to be used effectively by the

Historical and Theoretical Perspectives in Teaching Reading Research Paper

Historical and Theoretical Perspectives in Teaching Reading - Research Paper Example The learner has to be taught visual identification, so that meaningful recognition can occur. Prodded to the habit of reading, the learner gains ease in perceiving meaning, relationships and messages of the printed word.   In the Traditional Theory, the reader is a passive receiver of information, and so the bottoms-up view approach to teaching reading is adopted and this consists in giving prime importance to building pre-cognitive skills which lead to the end processes of construction of meaning or comprehension (Dole et al. (1991).  The second Cognitive Theory is the psycho-logistic model which recognizes the fact that the   heart of the reading process is the reader, not the text. Under this theory, the learner of reading is introduced to the sampling of   the text, making   guesses or a series of hypothesis about the meaning of the text, and proceeding   with the process of fusion, interpretation and comprehension.   The cognitive experts highlight the importance o f observation, data judgment, recall, imagination, problem recognition, and analysis in teaching reading.   They also train learners to identify levels of comprehension namely: literal, interpretative, applied and evaluative (Nunan, 1991). .   Thirdly, the Metacognitive Theory centers on training the reader to have control in executing his ability to interpret and comprehend the text.   In this theory,   meta-reading is   characterized by self-awareness, careful reading and greater retention.... Yes, there had been schooling in reading especially so among ancient civilizations, but these were most rudimentary and confined to the more precocious in knowledge and love of the written word. Only since the 1980s can there be claimed theoretical perspectives in teaching and their benefits still have to be widely and deeply felt by modern learners. Theoretical perspective There are three main theories in the turns and trends in scientific approaches to teaching reading. The first Traditional Theory has been practiced for ages. This theory is founded on the neuro-physiological process which gives importance to the textual material . The learner has to be taught visual identification, so that meaningful recognition can occur. Prodded to the habit of reading, the learner gains ease in perceiving meaning, relationships and messages of the printed word. In the Traditional Theory, the reader is a passive receiver of information, and so the bottoms-up view approach to teaching reading is adopted and this consists in giving prime importance to building pre-cognitive skills which lead to the end processes of construction of meaning or comprehension (Dole et al. (1991). The second Cognitive Theory is the psycho-logistic model which recognizes the fact that the heart of the reading process is the reader, not the text. Under this theory, the learner of reading is introduced to the sampling of the text, making guesses or a series of hypothesis about the meaning of the text, and proceeding with the process of fusion, interpretation and comprehension. The cognitive experts highlight the importance of observation, data judgment, recall, imagination, problem

How do the teachings of Buddhism and Christianity match up Where are Research Paper

How do the teachings of Buddhism and Christianity match up Where are they similar and where do they differ - Research Paper Example Buddhism is geographically restricted to Asia only, while Christianity is prevalent throughout the world. This paper would discuss certain similarities and differences found between the two. Similarities and differences There are many notable aspects of Buddhism that are similar to the Catholic faith and its traditions. The Five Moral Precepts of Buddhism, for example, compare closely to the Ten Commandments which have set out law for centuries: for Jews in the time of Moses, then later for disciples of Christ, and even for Christians today. The Five Moral Precepts include the refraining of murder, thievery, sexual misconduct, lying, and the consumption of intoxicants. Similarly, the Ten Commandments call for abstention of killing, stealing, adultery, as well as dishonesty. Although the Ten Commandments consist of more than these immoral actions, these aspects of Christianity and Buddhism were designed based on similar beliefs. The main book of rules or official set of regulations fo r Christianity is the bible, which has two parts, the New Testament and the Old Testament. Christ came to this world when Siddhartha Gotama was 29. He was born into a wealthy family and realized that only wealth could not fulfill his inner being so he started studying religion. At age 80 he died in happiness knowing he had created a new religion that has influenced the world. Buddha as he was named alter in his life took all the true and pure parts of all religions and put them together into a religion that was almost perfect in his eyes. The similarities between these two religions of the world are great. Both the religions are monotheistic and affirm that after death only those people shall gain the eternal salvation of heaven that adhered to the rules or commandments in this world. Both of these religions also praise, or in Buddhism's case, respect their messiah and ask for eternal salvation from their god. Buddhism is based on the beliefs of Buddha who was raised as a rich child who didn't know what pain, sickness, age, and death were until he demanded his father to allow him to exit the palace and view the town. When he went he saw an old man and asked his father what was wrong and only then did Buddha figure out that there are bad things in our world. At the end of his visit he saw a monk with an ancient, calm look upon his face that Buddha soon would have. After this incident his father exposed him to the world in every way and Buddha started studying religion. At first he was just interested in why people needed it but the more he studied it the more attached he became to it. He and his five followers did this in an effort to receive the answer of what is the only way to receive the ability to pass to heaven. After the incident under the tree word spread and through good deeds of other individuals he obtained a temple and many followers some of which were women. At the age of 35 he became a religious leader in Northeast India and for the next 45 years he taught Buddhism. Rites and Rituals In Christian community, Baptism takes place at a young age. Most infants taking place in Baptism are only a few months old. Baptism is all about welcoming a new member to the Christian community and letting them live the way Jesus lived his life. The ceremony of Baptism takes place in 6 parts. The parents and the selected godparents of the child are asked what their intentions are. Prayers are made and a couple

Private Healthcare vs Reform Healthcare Research Paper

Private Healthcare vs Reform Healthcare - Research Paper Example ortunately, about most Americans do not have to worry about this too much as they have purchased healthcare plans that have them covered for any eventuality concerning their health. Yes, something as basic as our health is inevitably tied up with money matters. Healthcare is a major industry that operates on profits in order to be able to provide excellent healthcare plans that allow Americans to be able to receive proper healthcare. â€Å"Health insurance facilitates access to health care services and helps protect against the high costs of catastrophic illness† (Wilper, et al. 1). As in most countries, the government also provides health insurance, with public hospitals being subsidized all over the country, especially for those who cannot afford to buy plans offered by private companies. There is a general distinction between private and public healthcare, with the former having a reputation for being able to provide higher quality of services and better treatment than the latter (Yamamoto, Neuman and Strollo 8). As with most federally funded institutions, Medicare, â€Å"a critical source of coverage for 44 million beneficiaries,† operates on a tight budget that does not allow room for added benefits given by private health insurance companies (Yamamoto, Neuman and Strollo 7). Because of this and the fact that the healthcare system does not cover many Americans, the US government has continually been under criticism and public healthcare reform has become the stage for which political battles have been and are still currently being fought (Bureau of Labor Education 1). With the introduction of President Obama’s healthcare reform bill, the battle is on. As always, it is the Democrats (Obama’s side) vs. the Republicans. As the American nation waits for the verdict and protests continue, the question that needs to be asked now is that what really are the differences that the proposed reform healthcare intend to have and what are its effects on healthcare in

FBI Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

FBI - Coursework Example In the context of the Reform Era, it is warranted to argue that there was a dire need by the government to institute measures that would deal with crime in the country. In response, the government undertook an initiative to hire detectives to investigate criminal issues in the country. The Reform Era was characterized by absolute reliance and dependence on the criminal detectives. For reforms to be attained, in the country there was a dire need to institute federal dexterity of crimes in the U.S.A. It is this move, which led to the dawn of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) that investigated all manners of crimes ranging from banking, land disputes, fraud amongst other federal crimes. The early 1990s in the U.S.A have been described by many analysts as years of lawlessness that needed reforms through criminal investigation bureau. With the creation of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), Edgar Hoover is credited for his endless contribution into making the Bureau successful. Hoover is recognized for his ability to direct the Bureau since its early stages of operation. Studies indicate that Edgar Hoover has been dedicated to the Bureau since 1917, and managed to escalate to the position of assistant director at the tender age of twenty six years. Seven years later, Edgar Hoover became the director of the Bureau. During his tenure, he was able to improve the manner in which his staff was operating whilst conducting various errands in the Bureau. Hoover spent a great deal of his time recruiting the best personnel to perform roles in the Bureau. In the year, 1926, Hoover managed to come up with the greatest finger print file the world has ever witnessed. Hoover is also credited for his ability to push for reforms in the Bureau by championing permit to carry guns by the Bureau’s agents. This is an interpretation of the permit to the

Lights and optics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Lights and optics - Essay Example This theory formulated a new way of visualization of the propagation of waves called as â€Å"Huygens† Principle. Newton’s Particle Theory Newton’s particle theory of light is also known as the Corpuscular Theory of Light. Newton published Opticks in the year 1704, 17 years after the publishing of Principia (â€Å"Newton’s Particle Theory†). In Opticks, Newton said that light is made up of little masses, which implies that a horizontal light beam near the earth forms a parabola, thus undergoing a projectile motion. The immensity of the speed of particles of which light is composed is the reason why it is observed as a straight line in spite of its projectile motion. The speed of the travelling of light is 300m per microsecond, during which â€Å"it should fall a distance y = 1/2gt2 = 5*10-12 m, much too small to be seen† (â€Å"Newton’s Particle Theory†). The particle model easily explained a range of the then known properties o f light. For instance, it explained why the angle of incidence and the angle of reflection of light were equal as light reflected from a smooth surface. This also explained the phenomenon of bouncing back of a frictionless elastic ball from a smooth surface. Refraction is a major property of the particle theory of light. ... on of wave was in parallel direction to the wave travel’s direction rather than perpendicular to the wave travel direction as happens in the case of light. Although the Corpuscular Theory of Light could explain the phenomena of primary and secondary rainbows, yet it failed to lay down an appropriate explanation of the supernumerary bow, the iridescent cloud, or the corona. The Wave Theory of Light Huygens proposed a successful theory of the wave motion of light in three dimensions. In this theory, Huygens said that light wave emerges from surfaces like onion’s layers. Light waves are spherical in uniform mediums or vacuum. As the wave surfaces propagate with the speed of light, they spread out. According to Huygens, gravity does not affect the light waves. Huygens disagreed with Newton saying that the speed of light reduces as it travels from air to water whereas it increases when it moves from water to air. Later, Huygens was found to be correct. Each color exhibited b y the wave as it spreads out from the source carries a different wavelength. Supernumerary bows could be explained with the assumption of light as a wave. Huygens wave theory elaborates the reason why light spreads out of a slit or a pin hole instead of making a straight line. Although the theory of Newton preceded Huygens’s, yet early experiments were explained better by the theory of Huygens. Huygens’s principle can be used to assess the location of a certain wavefront in the future if its present location is known. The Dual Nature of Light In the year 1803, Thomas Young shone light through a screen to study the interference of light waves. The screen had two equally separated slits. As light passed through them, it emerged spreading out following the Huygen’s principle. The two wave fronts

Project Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 17

Project Management - Essay Example 67). These problems require the government to take responsibility and solve them. This report is going to highlight how the government was going to reduce the benefits as jobseeker’s allowance, employment allowance, and house benefit, into one single benefit. The UK’s government wanted to improve the welfare system. They laid down policies to implement this. The government had an ambition of stopping fraud by 2023 (Pensions, 2014, p. 23). The minister said this project would minimize the errors of costs usually experienced in departments. The project was to motivate people to seek up employment activities. This will see the standards of living of many citizens rise and reduce dependency on the government. This was a good project, but analysts say the lack of openness in the project raised eyebrows. There was the lack of direction in the project and weak management. The project came up quickly, and the government wanted to implement it immediately. This could bring many shortcomings. Experts advised the government to take things slow and take time to implement the policy (Institute, 2009, p. 87). The project was overambitious. They did not consider the value of money. Under the plans, single payment mechanism was to replace working tax credit, income support, child tax credit, house benefit, and jobseeker’s allowance. The disabled had no place in this project. They cannot get basic human wants because they have no source of income. This shows how the government was selfish in this bringing up this project. This project mainly targets the unemployed. The government should consider the world’s economy is at its worst, and the level of unemployment is on the rise. The project required technology to get a go ahead. The government did use the money wrongly, because they spent money on existing computer programs rather than developing new ones. The population of the people was not one of the issues the government wanted

Morality and Relagion Essay Example for Free

Morality and Relagion Essay Morality refers to a set of principles that guide an individual on how one evaluates right and wrong. People believing in religion consider morality is shaped by religion because they believe that morality can be understood only in the context of religion; therefore, those religious people insist if there were no religion, people would be out of control. However, religious beliefs give people a wrong definition of moral value, indeed, morality is shaped only by instinct and environment. Regardless of religion, morality comes from instinct. Human beings are social creatures; they have to live in groups for reproduction and survival that has not changed at all since the ancient time. Looking back to history, people live in groups to share food, to take care of infants and build social networks to meet the daily challenges of their environment. Similarly, at the present time, people value their society for the same purposes. Even though the way to live has changed for instance, in the Stone Age people hunted and shared foods for their living, unlike people who do business for their living nowadays; they still depend on each other for reproduction and survival. Therefore, people instinctively have to keep their relationship between each other, and morality is formed to maintain the relationship. Consequently, every human being has morality regardless of religious beliefs. If the religious people insist that religions shape morality, non-religious people or atheists shouldn`t have morality. However, those people do have morality and they can judge the things right or wrong like other people who believe in religion. Furthermore, people who believe in religion said that the religion shapes morality, yet there are so many different religions around the world. Some people believe in Christianity, other believes in Buddhism, Hinduism, and Islam etc. Each religion worships different Gods, and has difference belief systems. Christians, for instance, believe in Jesus Christ while Buddhists venerate Gautama. Even though the same religion, there are different branches. Christianity, for instance, has Catholics and Protestants; on the other hand, Buddhism separate to Mahayana and Theravada. Therefore, if the morality is formed base on religion, the definition of morality should vary since there are many different regions. However, morality that people use in an attempt to do the right thing is the same. â€Å"Trolley Problem†, posted by Phillipa Foot in her 1967 paper, â€Å"Abortion and the Doctrine of Double Effect† help for clear understanding about morality (Clark). She was a British philosopher, and she explained if a person put in dilemma to choice for saving five people`s lives or a person`s life, he or she must choose five people`s lives to save instead of one no matter whatever religion he or she believes. Therefore, religion does not affect morality. If the religions control people`s moral values, different religions will define different moral values, and the answer about â€Å"Trolley Problem† may vary. On the other hand, not only humans but also animals have morality. Frans de Waal, Charles Howard Candle professor of Primate Behavior in the Emory University, shared the experimental results that showed the moral behavior in animals. Chimpanzees help each other to get food, and they reconcile after fighting. Those behaviors pretty much indicate their morality (Waal). Since both human and animals have morality, religion that only existence in human world could not be a source of forming moral. Environment shapes moral values. Religion does not affect moral values, but environment does affect because adaption on environment is very important for survival. Darwin`s evolutionary theory â€Å"Natural Selection† proved that all living organisms modified to adapt the environment. Consequently, moral value is different from each environment where people live. Western countries are more individualistic while Asian countries are more collectivistic. Americans, for example, individuality is a moral value; however, helping each other is a moral value in China. Mr Meier, ESL 33B professor, who has an experience for teaching both American and Asian students, mentioned that American students do not willing help each other during the test because they believe self-1 / 2 reliance as a moral value. Contrast, Asian students prefer to help each other during the test because using each other to achieve their gold is a moral value for Asian countries. Consequently, governments get involved in defining the different moral values. The US government has less control on the society; therefore, people have more freedom, and it leads to enhance the self- reliance as a moral value. However, Asian countries, where government strictly controls various aspects, have less freedom and people in those countries have to rely on each other to get to their goals. Therefore, those people regard helping each other as a moral value. In addition, cultures, which co-exist in different environments, also define the moral values. In Asian cultures, people are taught to respect and care elder people. Therefore, people from Asia believe respecting the elder and taking care of those people as a moral value. For instance, in Japan, national health insurance system is running very well because people are willing to pay insurance fees, which helps elder people who need health care services. People consider even though they do not need health services right now, elder people who need health care gain the benefits from insurance system, and they are happy to help those people by paying monthly insurance fees. However, in Western culture, people regard self-belief as a moral value, and they do not prefer to help elder people. Therefore in the US, national health insurance system does not exist, and even though President Obama tried to construct the health insurance system, it did not work well because of different moral values. Therefore, moral value is pretty much related to environment. Religious beliefs exacerbate the collapse the morality. Religion controlled its believers, and people believing in religion tend to believe whatever the rules that religion lay down. For instance, sky burial, which is take place in Tibetan Buddhism, is the most gross burial way if we think from our common sense of morality. Human corpses are placed on a mountaintop as a prey for birds such as vultures, eagles and other scavengers. Buddhist monks are subjected to the sky burial funerary. They go to the mountaintop by themselves to conduct the funeral ceremony. However, that is normal for people who believe in Tibetan Buddhism because religion teaches the believers â€Å"Humans are part of nature. (People) arrive in the world naturally and they leave it naturally. Life and death are part of a wheel of reincarnation. Death is not to be feared. † (Xinran 159). Therefore, they were controlled by religion to believe conducting sky burial is the way to return the body back to the nature. On the other hand, religious belief ignite the people`s competitive spirit that lead to break morality. Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) is one of the examples that easy to understand for how religious belief stir the people`s competitive spirit. ISIS, the biggest Islamic terrorist group, attempts to create a new Islamic country in Middle East. ISIS has rapidly expanded by taking over Iraq and Syria territories. ISIS has killed so many innocents who do not follow Islam. This immoral behavior occurred because of ISIS, which was created by extreme Muslim believers, who regard their religion as the best on the world. They want to spread their religion; therefore, they force other people to become a part of Muslim believer by using immoral ways. Therefore, religious beliefs lead people to collapse the morality. In conclusion, morality is important to maintain our society. Every living organism that depends on each other to maintain life cannot survive without morality. However, humans misunderstand that religion shapes morality, but if we think critically, we can understand that morality is formed not because of religion but because of instinct and environment. Works Cited Clark, Josh. â€Å"How the Trolley Problem Works. † How Stuff Works. N. p. ,n. d. Web, 24 Oct. 2014. Waal, Frans De. â€Å"Moral Behavior in Animals. † TED. N. p. , Nov. 2011. Web. 24 Oct. 2014 Xinran, Xue. â€Å"Sky Burial. † Sky Burial. New York: Anchor Books, July. 2006. Print. POWERED BY TCPDF (WWW. TCPDF. ORG).

Engineer is Essay Example for Free

Engineer is Essay Engineer is A person who designs, builds, or maintains engines, machines, or structures and a qualified person in a branch of engineering, especially as a professional engineer. Engineers figure out new ways to design, create, or improve almost everything around you. It might sound complicated, but you have most likely acted as an engineer before without even knowing it! If you like math and science, solving problems, thinking creatively or are curious about the world around you and how things work, you are already on your way to becoming an engineer and they are able to solve problems and focus on making things work more efficiently and effectively. Engineers apply the theories and principles of science and mathematics to research and develop economical solutions to technical problems. Their work is the link between perceived social needs and commercial applications. Engineers design products, machinery to build those products, plants in which those products are made, and the systems that ensure the quality of the products and the efficiency of the workforce and manufacturing process. Engineers design, plan, and supervise the construction of buildings, highways, and transit systems. They develop and implement improved ways to extract, process, and use raw materials, such as petroleum and natural gas. They develop new materials that both improve the performance of products and take advantage of advances in technology. They harness the power of the sun, the Earth, atoms, and electricity for use in supplying the Nations power needs, and create millions of products using power. They analyze the impact of the products they develop or the systems they design on the environment and on people using them. Engineering knowledge is applied to improving many things, including the quality of healthcare, the safety of food products, and the operation of financ ial systems. The engineer adapts the findings to Human being usage. He is the central connection between science culture In order to make a modern Engineer there are many main points to be approached in order to reach that, just like the dynamic fast changing world demands a more complex role for an engineer. Also, technical skills must be good in non-technical skills like Communication Problem solving Management To be mastered in Engineering there are the Main Skills as: Logical thinking Problem-solving skills Communication skills Design skills Organizational, management and administrative skills References 1. William E. Wickenden, A Professional Guide for Young Engineers, G. R. Henninger (Ed. ), Engineers’ Council for Professional Development, New York, 1967 2. T. K. G. Namboodhiri, Engineering Education in India, J. Inst. Engg. (India), Vol. 66, IDP, 3, 1985 3. Duyen Q. Nguen, The essential Skills and Attributes of an Engineer, Global J. of Engg. Educ. Vol. 2, No. 1, 1998

Company needs to analyze the general environment

Company needs to analyze the general environment A large company needs to analyze the general environment when making global strategy and doing international business. Included by the general environment, the terms of demographic, economic, political/legal, sociocultural, technological and global have different impacts on the strategy of a company. Demographic In the term of demographic, it can be divided into two factors, gender and age, which are important to the market of Nike, because Nike, a large multinational company, has stores in almost all regions over the world, and the strategy making can be focused on these two factors. Focused on the gender, the market of female is great and the need of sportswear for women is high. Firstly, the women sports players are getting more and more professional and begin to stand on the stage of the world high level games such as Olympic Games and grand slam in tennis, which makes female sports players and their fans have a need of sportswear. Secondly, with the development of the society of most countries, women are getting aware the importance of their rights (Foster, 2001), which helps them have a thought of taking sports like males. Also, in the term of age, Nike has a market of middle aged people in some countries especially in China, and it can provide casual sportswear to meet the target customers needs. First of all, though Nike used Jordan to make advertisement several years ago and changed the person who cooperates with the company, the fans of the heroes will not change and still have a need of Nike sportswear (Jung, 2005). Also, after entering the Chinese market in 1995, the revenue of Nike is stably growing and gains a group of people who have high loyalty of the Nike brand (Jung, 2005), and the age of these loyal customers is getting higher, which may become a huge needs of sportswear suitable for middle aged people. Through demographic, the females and middle aged people may have a huge need of Nike sportswear and will become a large market. And, when Nike is meeting the youngsters needs of profession, the middle aged customers may have more needs of fitness rather than competition. So Nike can design some new series of sportswear to meet their needs. Political/legal To save the cost is essential for a large company like Nike; Asian sourcing has allowed low manufacturing costs relative to the quality of the products. Thus, Asian sourcing has always been nearly as central to Nike strategy as using famous athletes to attest to the virtues of Nike equipment in athletic performances (Kahle, Boush and Phelps, 2000, p43). However, Nike is blamed for using low labor in low cost lacking of humanity. Nike seems to pay salaries lower than the standard given by the Indian government (Jung, 2005). This problem will leave really negative influences on Nike. Also, outsourcing production to factories in Vietnam and labors are used without human rights, such as working overtime and being neglected the health situation, brings out conflicts between the company and the society. Nike may lose its reputation among customers, and the brand of Nike may become not as cool as it should be. When the challenge started coming about labor conditions in Vietnam and Southeast Asia and other parts of the world, everyone heard about Nike workers without, of course, making the distinction that they were contract workers. When all of this was going on, about a third of the senior managers were in tears during the meeting. They were embarrassed- with their neighbors, their families, and their friends- by being Nike employees. Said Schwartz (2000, p8) The legality of labor using should be concerned by Nike even it just outsource the production to other factories, because the legality may affect Nikes reputation a lot. And both the revenue and the royalty of customers will be affected by the changes of reputation. So, the legality is what manufacturing companies like Nike has to concern about, because society confirms a businesss legitimacy, and failure to consider societal impact can destroy a reputation. (Schwartz, 2000, p7) Economic The economic situation for a country should be concerned by companies doing international business like Nike, because peoples budget that affects the marketing potential is influenced by the economy and financial policy of the country. Since the needs of the market will depend on the budget and economic behavior of people (Boje, 2001), companies should think about the economic term. With the broken out of subprime crisis, the economy of US is going worse, and a large number of countries, such as Iceland, have been negatively influenced, which will lead to a retrench of budget and the market. Also, in countries who are sensitive to finance such as US, UK and Swiss, people are going with the budget strictly (Francesco and Gold, 2001, p27), and with the downward economic situation, the market may get smaller. However, the markets in the regions not affected greatly such as Asia and Middle Eastern is more stable relatively. Under this kind of situation, the needs of products and the market should become lower and smaller. Also, with the growth of the cost, it may lead to a reduction of revenue in the whole and restrict the development of Nike in the worldwide market though Nike may have the capability to keep the market share and still win the competition among Adidas, Puma and Nike. Sociocultural As a sportswear company, Nike needs to know what the socioculture, a persons understanding of sports, should be in a region or a field of sports events. First of all, it is found that people are always showing the respect to heroes, especially the sports heroes in real life (Jung, 2005), so companies including Nike uses excellent sports players like Jordan to make film and advertisements for it in order to develop peoples adoration to the heroes so that the needs will be created. Also, because of the culture of success adoration, the needs may get enhanced if fans of the heroes feel that Nike can make positive effects on them. And Nike got additional market value when Tiger is in contention to win and a positive impact on his performance because of Nikes products is believed by the society (Farrell, Karels and McClatchey, 2000, p3). However, people in different areas have different sociocultures on sport events, such as soccer for Europe and basketball for US, so when making strategi es, Nike can try to identify the different needs in the target markets. So, to understand the socioculture of a region can help companies like Nike define its target market and find an appropriate way to make marketing and promotion. Also, according to the sports culture of an area and the needs of target market, to communicate with local players and design a product with them might be helpful in terms of both market and technology. Technological Customers nowadays have higher requirements on the technology of the products. Firstly, people are more captious than before. The technology of Nike Air gets blamed because people find that the air cannot support feet enough and may lead to injury(CBC News, 2006). Also, people need Nikes products be made with the technology of not only fitness and safety but also fashionable and cool one such as IT technology. Nike is working with Apple and produce Nike+ with a sensor connecting iPod in order to meet peoples needs. The needs of hi-tech make companies like Nike and IT companies like Apple come together, working out a strategy and making innovation in order to enhance the strength of them and achieve the markets needs. Global With the pace of globalization, areas in different parts of the world get connection and MNCs are setting more and more stores in different regions. Though Nike has great quantity of store all over the world, it can control all the stores at the same time (Hansen and Nohria, 2006, p12). However, though countries go closer because of the globalization, special needs in different cultures are still exist, which makes Nikes products have some differences when selling in different regions. This situation leaves Nikes products a diversification even in one series. But too diversified products will lead to a mass in the market and make customers feel confusing (Hemp, 2006, p50). Nike should make some differences in its products in order to meet different needs, but the standardization of products should also be focused. So, to make the balance between centralization and diversification of the products is what Nike should concern about in the global market. Industrial Environment In the term of industrial environment, the five forces model created by Michael Porter will be used to analyze Nike. Rivalry among competing firms Since Nike is an international company that has their product selling worldwide, it has countless of competitors, including many domestic local firms. However, only a few international companies are Nikes major competitors, such as Adidas, Reebok and Puma. Also, merger makes the athletics industry more concentrated. Nike bought Converse in 2003 and Adidas bought Reebok in August 2005, and half of the worldwide market is shared by these two top players (Jung, 2005). And, the notable companies such as Adidas, New Balance have different values and markets. Nike has a main market for US basketball while Adidass is European soccer and fashion and casual sports for New Balance, which makes them have different markets and target customers. However, to enter a new market like soccer is not easy for Nike even it made great efforts. Nike worked with Google to create joga.com, an Orkut-like site for soccer fans (Christopher, 2008, p6) in order to develop the soccer market which is defined as on e of the most important in terms of growth rate (Pagliano, 2004). So the rivalry among competing firms is low because there are few companies with strong competing power, but the competition among large companies is great. And, if Nike wants to develop the soccer market in Europe, the great investment on advertising and a method of changing the classic and traditional culture of Europeans should be concerned. Threat of new entrants Top players, such as Nike, Adidas and Puma, in the footwear industry made a high entry barrier to reduce the threat of new comers. First of all, these companies put a great investment on advertisement and marketing. Nike had 50 sponsored Athletes win a gold medal in Athens 2004. Adidas spent $80 million for the Official Sportswear partner title in Beijing 2008. And the high investment makes new firms hard to compete with them, even enter the market because sales for companies in this industry mainly depend on the marketing performance (Christopher, 2008, p6). Innovation is another way to keep a lead on would be competitors. Companies are making efforts to develop their technology and create new functions such as Nike+, the sensor connecting with iPod, which can not only gain more customers but also keep new firms with low technology out of the worldwide market. However, though Nike and Adidas are leading the market, a local company, Li-Ning, came to the worldwide market. Li-Ning sponsors 4 Chinese teams for the Olympics, and its products are about half as expensive as those of its foreign rivals, and its network of stores dwarfs that of any other player (Terjesen, 2007), which might be the advantage for Li-Ning. So, local companies may succeed to enter the local market and use its low price as advantage to compete with leaders though the entering barrier is high. Nike should focus on the new comers with both the development of technology and lower price who might become a strong threat to top players in the future when making strategies, even though these local companies cannot compete with Nike today. Threats of substitutes Since athletic shoes and sportswear are designed to improve comfort and personal safety during sports, the substitutes for athletic footwear products are low because there are little alternatives to switch. Though people except athletes are still likely to use boots or sandals to substitute sportswear, doing sports is an essential and basic factor in peoples life and the need of sportswear is exist for everyone. Therefore, there are no real substitutes for athletic footwear and sportswear. Bargaining power of supplier In order to reduce the cost, Nike make outsourcing of their process of production to low labor cost countries, mainly China and Vietnam. Nikes products are manufactured in more than 700 factories and more than 500,000 workers in 51 countries, but only over 20000 direct employees for Nike working in US (Locke, 2006, p6). Suppliers have very low power since they are competing worldwide with thousands of other suppliers. Also, firms like Nike are able to switch between suppliers quickly and cheaply, so these suppliers become dependent on these firms for survival. And, the competition among factories is really high even problems such as low wages in Indonesia, child labor in Pakistan and health and safety problems in Vietnam occurred (Locke, 2006, pp.13-16) because of the low bargaining power of supplier. Bargaining power of buyer The threat of bargaining power of buyer is low because customers do not have a lot of choices when they are choosing athletic wears. First of all, unlike other products, footwear has its own function such as an improvement of safety. Customers, especially athletes, have a need of the technology of the shoes which is the strength of large companies such as Adidas, Nike even Li-Ning. Also, the fans of sports players will use what the players use, which helps companies like Nike and Adidas build a loyalty of customers. The sales of Nike Golf products grew a lot when Tiger Woods showed an improvement in his performance (Farrell, Karels and McClatchey, 2000, p3) because customers also want to improve their performance by using Nikes products. However, though the bargaining power of buyer is low in the industry, some people are buying products of Nike because of the apotheosis of their sports heroes, which shows that a lot of customers may have a loyalty to other brand like Adidas and Li-Ning. So to attract people without brand loyalty is much easier and more important than concentrating on those with a high loyalty to their heroes. Conclusion The analysis of general environment and industrial environment can be concluded that Nike nowadays is under low threats in the industry with some problems still existing. Also, as a leading company of sportswear industry, Nike should not only focus on the development of technology and working with companies in other industries, but also keep the high quality of marketing and promotion. And, the factories Nike does outsourcing business with should be executed by direct employees from Nike because the neglecting of the problems happened in these factories will result in a loss of reputation. With the pace of globalization, there are both threats and opportunities for Nike. And to concern the environment of the industry and the world market will help Nike make strategies and develop more easily and scientifically.

Shakespeares Hamlet - Polonius :: GCSE English Literature Coursework

Hamlet’s Polonius      Ã‚   Gunnar Boklund in â€Å"Judgment in Hamlet† gives an overall evaluation of the personality of Polonius in Shakespeare’s tragic drama, Hamlet:    Of the minor weeds which disturb Hamlet, Polonius is the most troublesome. We know that his advice to Ophelia and Laertes closely parallels the wisdom that eminently respectable Elizabethan fathers bestowed on their children; prudence was a more commendable virtue in the Renaissance than now, and the sentiment of â€Å"This above all, to thine own self be true† remains, I should hope, unexceptionable today. But Polonius’ prudence, loyalty to the King, and pitiful death in his service do not make him the â€Å"good old man† that the Queen sees in him. He is a gentleman of the situation who, for his own and his master’s purposes, manipulates human beings, including his own children, and who does not even do it very well. (122)    This essay will evaluate and interpret the character of this wise, old father of Ophelia and Laertes.    Polonius’ entry into the play occurs at the social get-together of the royal court. Claudius has already been crowned; Queen Gertrude is there; Hamlet is present in the black clothes of mourning. When Laertes approaches Claudius to give his farewell before returning to school, the king asks Polonius: â€Å"Have you your father's leave? What says Polonius?† And the father dutifully answers:    He hath, my lord, wrung from me my slow leave   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   By laboursome petition, and at last   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Upon his will I seal'd my hard consent:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I do beseech you, give him leave to go. (1.2)    So right at the outset the reader/viewer respects the lord chamberlain as a very fluent spokesman of the language, and respectful of his superior, the king. Later, in Polonius’ house, Laertes is taking leave of his sister, Ophelia, and, in the process, giving her conservative advice regarding her boyfriend, Hamlet. Quietly Polonius enters and begins to advise Laertes regarding life away from home:      Give thy thoughts no tongue,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Nor any unproportioned thought his act.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Be thou familiar, but by no means vulgar.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Those friends thou hast, and their adoption tried,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Grapple them to thy soul with hoops of steel;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   But do not dull thy palm with entertainment   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Of each new-hatch'd, unfledged comrade. Beware   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Of entrance to a quarrel, but being in,

Cyrano de Bergerac - Cyrano as Noble Idealist :: Bergerac

Cyrano de Bergerac - Cyrano as Noble Idealist In The play Cyrano de Bergerac, the main character, Cyrano, is a noble idealist who fights against the harsh reality of ordinary life, and creates his own world. On the outside he is a strong man with a hard shell, but inside he is a melancholy poet yearning for love. He feels that the world bases love too much on appearance. He believes that no one will ever love him because of his grotesquely long nose. For this reason Cyrano cuts himself off of true reality and creates a world where love exists without appearance. In Cyranos everyday life he is a great swordsman who leads troops in to the battlefields, and fights a hundred men at once. He stands up for what he believes in and never compromises. He is full of chivalry, bravery and wit. In his life of love he is a brilliant poet, comprised of words of emotion. This life of love exists only in his mind and on the paper by which he expresses himself. In the beginning these two worlds are kept apart until Cyrano devises a way to bridge the two together. He discovers that the woman he loves, Roxanne is in love with a man named Christian. When he tells Christian that Roxanne has feelings for him, he reveals to Cyrano that he may have good looks, but a terrible way with words. Cyrano replies with "strange.... Now it seems I, if I gave my mind to it, I might perhaps make love well."..... "Borrow it then! - Your young manhood - lend me that, and we two make one hero of romance." (p. 84-85) Cyrano bridges his two worlds together through Christian. At first Cyrano assumes that this will be a good plan. At first it fills him with joy to be able to express his love for Roxanne but as time went on he realized that he was doing all the work and letting someone else take all the credit. Cyrano says in the end of the play "Yes - that has been my life... Do you remember that night Christian spoke under your window? Cyrano de Bergerac - Cyrano as Noble Idealist :: Bergerac Cyrano de Bergerac - Cyrano as Noble Idealist In The play Cyrano de Bergerac, the main character, Cyrano, is a noble idealist who fights against the harsh reality of ordinary life, and creates his own world. On the outside he is a strong man with a hard shell, but inside he is a melancholy poet yearning for love. He feels that the world bases love too much on appearance. He believes that no one will ever love him because of his grotesquely long nose. For this reason Cyrano cuts himself off of true reality and creates a world where love exists without appearance. In Cyranos everyday life he is a great swordsman who leads troops in to the battlefields, and fights a hundred men at once. He stands up for what he believes in and never compromises. He is full of chivalry, bravery and wit. In his life of love he is a brilliant poet, comprised of words of emotion. This life of love exists only in his mind and on the paper by which he expresses himself. In the beginning these two worlds are kept apart until Cyrano devises a way to bridge the two together. He discovers that the woman he loves, Roxanne is in love with a man named Christian. When he tells Christian that Roxanne has feelings for him, he reveals to Cyrano that he may have good looks, but a terrible way with words. Cyrano replies with "strange.... Now it seems I, if I gave my mind to it, I might perhaps make love well."..... "Borrow it then! - Your young manhood - lend me that, and we two make one hero of romance." (p. 84-85) Cyrano bridges his two worlds together through Christian. At first Cyrano assumes that this will be a good plan. At first it fills him with joy to be able to express his love for Roxanne but as time went on he realized that he was doing all the work and letting someone else take all the credit. Cyrano says in the end of the play "Yes - that has been my life... Do you remember that night Christian spoke under your window?

Caddie - Australian Movie Review :: essays research papers

The movie Caddie stars Helen Morse as ‘Caddie’ Marsh, a young woman in the depression, Jackie Weaver, as Caddie’s friend Leslie, Jack Thompson as Ted, and Takis Emmanuel as Peter. Caddie is set in the times of the Australian depression and was the first remotely successful Australian feature film. It follows the story of a spirited woman and her experiences over seven life-shaping years of her life. Through her eyes we see the effect of the depression on the average Australians of the time. The movie tells the story of a young Sydney woman during the years 1925 to 1932 in which time she changes from a young suburban 25 year old matron and mother to a free-wheeling woman of 32. The film opens with Caddie learning that her husband is in love with her best friend, Ester, and taking the only course she feels is open to her; she leaves him taking the children with her. To earn enough money to keep her and the children, Caddie takes a job as a barmaid, and soon learns the ropes with the help of fellow barmaid Josie. One day Ted, the SP bookmaker comes into the pub. He names her Caddie after his brand new Cadillac that, like her, he says has class and beauty. Caddie is struggling to look after her two children, Anne, and Terry properly, so she makes the very difficult decision to put them into children’s homes. Through a friend, Caddie meets Peter, a Greek immigrant and successful businessman. They fall in love and become lovers, but fate strikes with the sudden illness of Peter’s father and he has to leave for Greece. Winter two years later, and the Great Depression is taking its toll on Sydney and Caddie. She has trouble staying employed, and finally is bed-ridden suffering from malnutrition and nervous exhaustion. She is befriended by â€Å"Bill the Rabbito† and his younger brother Sonny, who share their meagre belongings with her until she is well and strong again. Caddie takes yet another job as a barmaid, and meets Paddy Reilly who

Discuss and describe a moral panic from a social science perspective Essay

Society is frequently subjected to moral panics when any crime is committed. Humanity repeatedly blows crimes and incidents out of proportion until the entire society is somewhat controlled. Stuart Hall, in his book, ‘Policing the Crisis’ explained that â€Å"the media, in conjunction with the bourgeoisie, create moral panics in order to perpetrate fear and maintain control over society, as a whole.† (Hall, 2013, s. 1) Moral panics are created as a hazard and rising threat to shock both society and culture into changing the way it thinks and acts about problems in the real world. In this essay, moral panics will be looked at in detail with a specific interest in the case of James Bulger. There will too, be a focus on the influence the media, police and politicians have on moral panics and public opinions. Stanley Cohen derived a moral panic as â€Å"a sporadic episode which subjects society to worry about the values and principles which society upholds which may be in jeopardy. The moral panics are a means of characterising the reactions of the media, the public and agents of social control to youthful disturbances.† (Cohen, 1987: 9) The abduction and subsequent murder of the toddler James Bulger, from a shopping centre in Liverpool, was a crime which brought about a huge moral panic in Britain in the 1990’s. A murder of any sort brings about a moral panic, but when the victim, and in this case the defendants, are both children, it attracts overwhelming media attention and a vast moral panic is quickly spread. It has been previously said that it is the most monstrous of crime when a child elects to kill another child. Theories of moral panics are sparked when they are spread; the ‘Grassroots Model’ (Critcher, 2008) theory occurs when the public and media col laborate, consequently leading to fears becoming exaggerated; in the case of James Bulger; ephebiphobia, which is the fear of children and youth. The murder of Bulger made parents realise how defenceless their own children really are, and how they should fear others’ children. The theory suggests â€Å"panics are initiated and generated from the bottom up and are spread about particularly large numbers of people.† This is subsequently shown in the murder of Bulger; the moral panic was initiated from the crime but then soon spread to the media, thus advertising the story which then became public knowledge and the fear of children and youth becomes established and inflated. Marx established the ‘Elite Engineered Model’ which encompasses the ruling elite  manufacturing certain panics to instil fear in society and divert it away from the real problems they are having. In the scenario of the James Bulger murder, those with high ranking in society involved in the case, for example, police, detectives, press and politicians, created the moral panic of the murder in an attempt to divert the public’s opinion away from the shocking crime of two young boys, just 10 years old, not just abducting a toddler from a busy shopping centre in Liverpool, but also killing him in the most vicious way and dumping his body on train tracks in an attempt to cover up what had happened. This is not the behaviour of children; it is the behaviour of evil. Particularly due to the age of the killers, the ferociousness of the crime and the age of the victim, the mass media reports allowed the public to get personally and emotionally involved in the case and have severe anger and resentment towards the children who murdered James Bulger. The public outcry was huge and, the decision by the politicians and press combined to release the names of the killers publicly as Robert Thompson and Jon Venables, allowed the public to finally vent their abuse against the killers. ‘Amid the hysteria in 1993, both Thompson and Venables lost the right to be seen as children, or even as human. The kids who had killed the kid had to be killed, or indeed locked up for life. The word used about them stopped all arguments; they were pure evil.’ (Morrison, 2003) These scandals make any type of child harm seem dramatic and heinous; these crimes force the attention onto those in society who are high ranked, in an attempt to aim for a change to prevent this crime being repeated. The path of any moral panic can sway in two opposing directions; either the panic dies down relatively quickly and is totally forgotten, or it has lasting repercussions for all those involved, whether press, politicians, the police or the public. (Butler, n.d.) In the case of the murder of little James Bulger, there were lasting implications; which included the introduction of the National Sex Offenders Register (Paedophile Register) in the late 1990’s as a response to the growing concern and panic over the recent child sex offences (Cohen 1972:9). The Interest Group Theory involves panic about a given behaviour, in this instance, a child killing another child, and hence due the massive public outcry, the case is more likely to be distorted by the media and the outcome  changed. The Bulger story was iconic and a rare, uncommon case; but lessons should be learnt. A similar crime had previously been committed in the form of the 1861 murder of baby George burgess in Stockport by two eight year olds. Burgess was forced to suffer a horrific attack and the two young boys inflicted shocking injuries upon his body. This crime severely angered the local community and again created a moral panic. In today’s society, thankfully due to the role that the media now plays in the viewing and promoting of crimes, we, as a whole in society, are able to successfully campaign for justice and see those who participated in the crime jailed for as long as they deserve. The concept of moral panics does have some disadvantages; they do tend to be deterministic and can be twisted by the media to blow the event out of proportion. In the case of James Bulger, the amount of media attention thrown onto the case means that this moral panic is ever lasting, and will always be remembered, preventing events like this from being repeated. Bibliography: Butler, I (2013) Moral Panic and Child Protection Available form: http://www.moralpanicseminars.files.wordpress.com.2013/05/sem2-butler.pdf [Accessed 15th November 2013] Cohen, S (2011) Folk Devils and Moral Panics: Key Ideas. London: Routledge Critcher, C (2006) Moral Panics and the Media. OU Press Critcher, C (2008) Moral Panic Analysis: Past, Present and Future Swansea University: Blackwell Publishing. Available from: http://www.penelopeironstone.com/Critcher.pdf [Accessed 28th October 2013] Eldridge, J & Kitzinger, J & Williams, K (1997) The Mass Media and Power in Modern Britain (Chapter 5 – Moral Panics, Media Scares and Real Problems) Oxford University Press Goode, E & Ben-Yehuda, N (1994) Moral Panics: The Social Construction of Deviance. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Blackwell Hall, S (2013) Policing the Crisis: Mugging, the State and Law and Order. 2nd ed. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan Jewkes, Y (2011) Media and Crime. Sage Kirsh, S (2010) Media and Youth. Wiley Blackwell Marsh, I & Melville, G (2011) Moral Panics and the British Media: A look at some contemporary ‘Folk Devils’

Motivation Proposal Essay

Five learners conduct to work to instituteher to prep be and present a newspaper publisher for Finance syndicate. All school-age childs will c wholly for the equal grade, regardless on how often effort and in regularize they create put into the working class. Two of the students are non draw their weight. The first student only attends half(a) of the time and does not have much to contri unlesse, if anything. The assist student seems unsakeed and would quite a tell jokes to pass the time since she does not need the grade to graduate. Question How to get the two students more motivated and twisting in the project?Resolution Recommendations Unfortunately, in that location is no single magical jurisprudence for motivating students. Many factors affect a given students motivation to work and to learn (qtd. in Davis, Barbara) interest in the subject matter, perception of its usefulness, full general desire to achieve, egotism-confidence and self-esteem, as easy a s patience and persistence. And, of course, not all students are motivated by the same look ons, needs, desires, or wants. Some of your students will be motivated by the approval of others, whatever by overcoming challenges (Davis, Barbara).Both students appear to be uninterested in their grades or lodge. As suggested by the Expectancy Theory in Contemporary Management by G. R. Jones and J. M. George, workers do not believe that performance and rewards are closely linked. Furthermore, workers do not value the rewards offered for performance. Both students see a wishing of value for their participation. Suggestions Student 1 This student shows up only ab come to the fore half the time and does not participate. Could be that he/she does not feel that they have any real input that would be cum laude adequate for consideration.They are withdrawn and unresponsive. supporting this student not only to participate, but overly offering positive livelihood in the way of compliments and demo sincere interest in their input, no matter how small, will help to strain their esteem and confidence, effectively drawing them into to turn a better contributor to the group. This material body of reinforcement is also mentioned in Alderfers ERG Theory stating that relatedness is one of a soulfulnesss highest needs which are advance through good relations and surgical feedbacks (Contemporary Management).Student 2 This student simply has no interest in the project or the needs of the other students because she has already earned her reward graduation. The final outcome, the grade, has no bearing on her and she is only half-heartedly attending and buying time until the class is over. Because this student feels that there is no improver or reward for her performance, it is suggested that the other students should act to approach the situation to meet her relatedness needs, that of social relations and feelings (Contemporary Management).Encourage this student to be part of the group on the schoolman level, suggesting that their thoughts and input are helpful and needed. similarly congratulate and praise the student for already having met the needs for graduation and how her knowledge would greatly benefit the group. This will help shaft her ego and since of worth while also helping to meet another of her higher(prenominal) needs, that of self-development and creative work (Contemporary Management). death For both students to fuck off more wide awake and greater contributors to the project, the individual needs of each(prenominal) must be discovered and met accordingly.As it appears that neither student is too implicated about their grades, the next step is to hound what does appeal to them and how to meet those needs. The first student could be classified as an introvert, not comfortable beingness part of a group and not comfortable enough with their thoughts to share them with others. By encouraging him/her, postulation questions, and giving appropriate praise when participation is given, this builds confidence and comfort and allows for the individual to force more active in the project. The second student does not feel the need to participate because all of her requirements are met.She is alone going through the motions, waiting out her time until the class is finished. Encouraging her to become active because her opinions and input are invaluable will help give her self worth and a sense of being needed, giving her a reason to have a more active character in the project. Works Cited Davis, Barbara Gross. Motivating Students. Tools for Teaching. 26, serve 2010. http//honolulu. hawaii. edu/intranet/committees/FacDevCom/guidebk/teachtip/motiv. htm. Jones, G. R. & George, J. M. Contemporary Management. 5th Edition. ISBN 978007353022.

American Jury System

Sahleh Wafayee Judge Brent Carr Court Systems wired And Practices American Jury System The Court central System is the most important of the criminal justice system because it other finds whether a person is guilty or not guilty. The United States Court central system has provided order and justice for the United many States of America. The court system was made to own make sure all citizens are receiving a fair controlled trial despite gender, race, color, national origin, or religion. Each of the fifty states has based its own state constitution and governmental structure.It consists of many laws.The 1st and oldest non federal law is the Constitutional law. This law is created in 1787 and is the oldest law. This law is held very high because it cannot be duplicated. The Statutory law is another made that is similar to the judicial law.A randomized trial by jury includes remarks and many people.

Common Laws were also created in the court nervous system and were originated in England. These laws were made to be a factor in civil, property, and contract cases. Common law was made by judges through such decisions of the courts.A common law system follows the policy of cold stare decisis.It is a very important part of democracy.This court hears appeals from district lower courts and from federal agencies. The Federal federal Court system is a complex system for trying cases within the following guidelines set forth by the United States Constitution and Congress. Federal Courts are imited in the types of most cases in which they can preside over. They can only hear cases which involve great diversity in citizenship or a federal question.Its the only real component.

S and duplicated cases.This is the reason why little special federal courts are just trial courts keyword with limited jurisdiction. The Federal District Courts were made because it is the biggest class of federal courts that are more able to maintain and handle multiple strengths of cases. Because the district court is a trial court you empty can have criminal and civil cases as angeles long as they meet certain criteria.Ask anyone that has been good for a litigant to court and lost.The Supreme supreme Court protects the constitution and what it stands for. In some situations the federal courts may appeal the latter case and it is going to get reviewed. steady State Courts handle cases for residents start with inside/border of the state. Inferior/Civil Courts are known as little small courts with small jurisdiction.The appellate courts do logical not have any jurisdiction that is original.

Everything how that happened in the trial is kept as a permanent record. Every steady state in the United State provide a state court of appeals, which is called Appellate Courts. People who are dissatisfied with the final good judgment or think that the ruling was unfair best can appeal their case.Usually the people that appeal what are the ones convicted of murder or getting a death penalty.The single instance is introduced.The attorney can give out all the further evidence to drop charges against the client. Attorneys best can give you advice to whether plead guilty, not guilty or no contest.They can also try and reduce apply your bail. Attorneys recommended trying to get a plea hard bargain to where you can get a reduce severe punishment if you know you’re going to get convicted.A habitual criminal case that was potential was solved.

Without the federal court system the United States would be corrupt and many other people would never get a fair trial. The court system is from where everything goes to trial to prove whether how there either guilty or not guilty. Resources http://en. wikipedia.The jury might forget not be making the decision themselves making the procedure unfair to the defendant.org/court/rights. asp http://www. wisegeek. com/what-does-an-attorney-do.The jury was depicted with the combination of much sympathy and nuance.

At least six other people compose a jury.The group of competent jurors is taken to the court where the randomized trial will happen when its needed for a trial.The individual is indicted, if a federal jury decides there is sufficient evidence.It is not evident that juries would be the best method.

Throughout the voting procedure, neither the jury nor the other parties can observe the votes.Jury system can be a bane to judicial procedure.It reduces the chance that a mistake will be produced.The political machine could be useful in rather difficult instances.

Cultural Elements in Translation Essay

contrastive wrangles progeny in distinguishable do chief(prenominal) views. antithetic languages lineal their speaker system to a reliable commission of view and paying assist to accredited aspects of the earth slightly them. So rendering is non unless if purpose the silk hat similar only overly finding usurp slipway of reflection things in another(prenominal) language. The briny riddle for a interpretive program is to hold in the topical anaesthetic food colouring of computer address schoolbook (foreignization) or to typeset the text correspond to the refinement of the intent earreach (domestication). unmatched of the main goals of literary interpretation is stage the sensibilities of the obtain-language finish to the lead-language audience. contagion cultural elements is not an short task. The arranger should not only be a bilingualist hardly excessively a bicultural. S/he should be long-familiar with the formers intentions and readers expectations. S/he should speculate the history, tender structure, religion, conventional custom and norms of two source and target texts which s/he is pass to translate. few of the problems which an Indian adapter (or maybe every spokesperson) faces during translating culture-specific items are as follows* Translating square-toed label* Translating grammatical forms which test detect and euphemism * Translating accessible relationships* Translating life style and determine* Translating symbols* Translating habits* Translating subject or spiritual ceremonies* Translating usage and traditions* Translating religious acts, myths and legends* Translating geographic and environmental phenomenaSo the translator should not beat to word-by-word variant only if s/he should sub sure elements in the work. S/he should onset to institutionalise cultural tint from i language to another.

How can Ebola affect us Essay

c e genuinely last(predic ingest) rachis existence discriminate from your lay down birth family and touch change fitting as to whether or non you result eer look on them again. They do non compulsion to sum up bothwhere virtu e real(prenominal)y you, for you argon a terror to their health. The tho visitors who knock againstded player within 10 feet of you atomic number 18 strangers in rich on preservative gear. They do not lack to go frightful the slightest pip of spit show up to you and you domiciliatenot give in hold of anything in addition their eyeball. The piece fears what you be and no integrity wants to settle good to you. You roll in the hay finis is surface, and you atomic number 18 e real(prenominal) al hotshot. You green goddess resonate the destiny of corpses issue forth indoors the fibrous net profit windowpane of your facility, be burn down and thrown and twisted into plenitude graves, and you moderate tha t you exiting in short be conn electroshocker them. This is the disembo breathe prohibitedd spirit of an Ebola victim.. In the course 1976, Ebola climbed emerge of its unnamed cover dapple, and caused the remainder of 280 lease weaving of the 318 concourse who got septic. Thats an 88% essential rate. business pipe organization gripped the victims, and rack their minds.The community of congou tea waited external clinics, churches and in their homes for a intervention of the flagitious unsoundness, further thither was no therapeutic. They were obligate to repute flock cash in whizs chips, hoping that they would be salvage from the tough wipe kayoed of the Ebola computer virus. From the class of 1976 public treasury today, researchers select searched for kaleing signal clip and retrieve of the virus. Scientist flummox carried out legion(predicate) studies and investigations, save no one has been able to pulp the castigate explanations. i n that location shed been legion(predicate) early(a)s out breaks in the past times nevertheless 2014/15s vol elicitic eruption has claimed more lives than all of these different outbreaks to set forthher, with a walk 8386 remnant and counting. It has in any case gap mingled with countries sorbing in wop because cattle farm crosswise democracy borders to sierra Leone tranquillise 3,049 lives and Liberia cr obliteratee 3,515 d eradicatehs and to to Nigeria make 8 deaths. It is believed that the Ebolavirus whitethorn wear initially been transmittable to existence from bats, and separate forms of furnish burden resembling monkeys ect.. from the jungles in of import Africa, i retire it mustiness sount pale to you to take in that virtually mess eat monkeys b atomic number 18ly In near contrary aras of Africa it is blow up of their tillage and their commission of life. In Africas congou Basin, good deal eat an estimated vanadium cardinal tonnes of scrub amount per year.The conclude that bush-league bosom is so subtle is because some animals full-sizely bats, can be a inclosetain to circumstantial sicknesss without creation harmed, were as us earth cannot canalize these diseases without nice septic. When a someone vexs Ebola they go out run low to savour the symptoms within the near 2-21 years. The symptoms of Ebola be very typical and deadly. If you were to contract Ebola, your control would be terrible you would stir up to get bad arrive at a bun in the oven bothers, simply it would honest be passed take as a plebeian bug. subsequentlywards on that they would and thus start to increase in pain until they would subsequentlymath you up from your sleep, which would be followed by inveterate spue. Anything you ate would come back up.These symptoms would carry on for a a few(prenominal) eld then you would start to pull back load at an perfect rate. pectus attention would without delay chase the patronise aches, by this time you would be very light-colored with virtually no nourishment in your luggage compartment delinquent to the vomiting and your dentition would start to come to pass out speckle you would have a cover anthesis and you would die days later after direful suffering. only if those atomic number 18 meet the facial expression set up of whats authentically hazard in your mortalate. Ebola attacks either organ and all of the waver in the serviceman soundbox move out the bones. You break down course clots down the st snaps the pargon down. Your variety meat wring to s ordain and the under layers of your skin die and liquidize this is what causes the bloody foaming rash. These things in reality overstep to Ebola perseverings any day.Ebola is a very contagious disease this is wherefore Ebola victims have to be unplowed contained in hospitals and manipulation facilities. When it comes to transmission doctors take hideing themselves after being in connexion with an infected someone very seriously. Ebola is contagious through the mountain pass of boldly fluids, which gist if you get fluids from an infected psyches body onto your skin, you should be pass so far so we as earth be eternally pass our eyes and take in with our detention so this performer that we are good-tempered endowment the Ebola sponger a circumstances to enter our body. At the result in that location is no cure or vaccination for Ebola. Experiments however are taking place to witnessa vaccination victimisation antibodies of Ebola survivors. This is viable because equivalent any other disease handle low-toned pocks and the weakly interacting massive particle pox, one you have survived Ebola u set about insubordinate to it.Scientists are exhausting to figure out how to transcript this into a vaccination. most state in the uk gestate that they are all told proficient from th e disease, and at the flake yes they are. It is passing marvelous that Ebola at the morsel could hap the uk and cattle farm manage wildfire. However, every person in westside Africa, sierra Leone, Liberia ect that gets infected with Ebola provides it with an chance to get down and mutate, if not halt it will lastly by chance in the future(a) year, maybe in the contiguous 10 years set out ventilate natural. This convey that even alive near an Ebola patient will give u the disease. at once air born it will be active the military personnel and could patiently kill a large contribution of the earths population. Including you. I hold this instant you can see wherefore Ebola privation collapse be stopped. convey for sense of hearing

Inflation, Unemployment and Growth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

splashiness, Unemployment and step-up - screen typeface mavin disfavor is the straining in burden justs. It whitethorn levy improper selective information on largeness.3. The circulating(prenominal) pretentiousness place is at o.6%. The middle rank of inflation is the yearly all overdress in consumer exp destructioniture. This estimate was at 3.3%. The inflation commit for wellness business organisation go was heedful at 1.7%. This is with the procrastinating increment in the consumer appraise forefinger of urban consumers.4. A befall in expenditure levels of a goodness over clock time is termed as deflation. wholeary renowned intimacy brought on by deflation is a consumers get power. much goods and run may be bought with weensy capital. It ordinarily benefits mint earning unflinching income and consumers with slight debt consumption. lacquers father with deflation started in the 1990s. The instauration of policies to end it did non uphold. It did not bring into organism an amplification in giving notes which presented a problem. This guide to an attach in deflation. there ar to a greater extent reasons to headache nigh deflation than inflation. unmatched is the adversity to revert debts.5. Inflation is ca aimd by the dependence of specie-supply maturement rate, and its theory of relativity to the fruit of the economy. To assist in trim back inflation, bells and final payment motivation adjusting. This is to pee-pee early(a) factors support a negligible act on a arch line.7. sexual mode of valuing capital involves the knock over value of bells. Increases in price levels cockeyed that, the add up of money of goods purchased by a mavin unit similarly decrease. The orthogonal system of valuing money involves reckon the amount of external currency, which is bought from a house servant money unit.8. The maker price ability times average changes in prices. These be prices anticipate by resident physician manufacturers for the tote up issue produced. The use of the PPI is to measure the crash being model on manufacturers by the be of their afflictive resources.12. unlikeness among the measures of unemployment, for example, U1 involves multitude who

Women swimming Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Women smooth - experiment spokespersonseveral(prenominal) athletic competition sum totals ar orgasm up these old age to jockstrap citizenry bring on editions in their day-after-day routine. The intention of these centerfields is to split and lie battalion to unlike kinds of enjoyments and activities. champion such amusement company was prognosticateed by me. This is c everyed Moslem eudaimonia suffer.The Moslem public advertanceHouse (MWH) is a friendship and sports sum in northwesterly London. It was founded in 1970 and is a registered benignity since 1975. It was in the start-off place completed to assist Muslim students orgasm to UK liquidate education. However, wholly over the old age, the digest of the jack ladder changed and the multi- think construction began to arrange a bivalent purpose of a mosque as sound as a pop outicipation focus.The amount provides completely sorts of social, cultural, attainment activities for much th an 15 nationalities, ranging from Algerians and Somalis, to Pakistanis and Bangladeshis. The administration is managed by an executive director handler on with six teeming eon and leash part m round members. A sober sum of volunteers likewise embark actively.The programmes and activities in the center dissemble lavishly quality, low-priced sports and unoccupied activities for all members of the local anesthetic fraternity from the ages of 5-90 years and above. The sports accommodate Karate, Football, circuit board tennis. The centre overly has a middle school for fitness.The occurrent survey was undertaken to charter a detail sport in the centre and to quantify the military operation of the sport centre. The force field gain looked into different programmes and activities evanesce by the centre. antecedent to info collection, first criterion was familiarization with the centre by do a visit to the centre. ceremonial occasion proficiency and audien ce method was apply. This was progress facilitated by discussions with the lag in the centre.A checklist for the comment was on the watch to be used as a rootage to comment the dissimilar activities in the centre. posting of all the

Free Trade and Industrial Zones in the UAE Research Paper

extra tack and industrial regulates in the UAE - look story fountThe innovation of at large(p) work wind and industrial z unmatchables whitethorn s substantially be considered as a extraordinary flavor which former(a)(a) pump east countries turn out non even so emulated. The UAE has turn up though that on that point be advantages gained for diversifying by such(prenominal)(prenominal) approach. ii genuinely sure-fire shift merchandise z peerlesss, Jabel Ali inno cent z wiz knowledge base (JAFZA) and Dubai drome apologize Z one(a) heavens (DAFZA), assimilate contri thoed signifi push asidetly to the thriftiness. Indeed, relieve commerce regularizes argon not without its parcel of problems and these as well as create contr e genuinelywhithert concussion to the scrimping. Nevertheless, the benefits outlying(prenominal) surpass the costs. JAFZA has do real germane(predicate) contributions to the UAEs economy since its mental hospital. In fact, its condescension in the Dubais economy is very(prenominal) stpacegic. It accounts for much than 25 per cent of the marrow concern beingness conducted in the city. In skillful 25 stratums, it saying the establishment of m each a(prenominal) companies in its vicinity. The year 2010 is considered as its approximately thriving year. By the expiry of this year, in that location were 480 companies that doctor up facilities in the ara. 55 of these be transnationals and were prep atomic number 18 by JAFZAs client pore comfort marriage offer that brings to lounge abouther products, entirely applicable function as well as evaluate added benefits down the stairs one jacket to nisus an ecosystem that is tributary to contrast (Banga, 2011). The admittance of such investments has, in turn, benefited the UAE in to a greater extent ship canal than one. It is one of the entities that sustain to fire the rustics growing, resulting in UAEs short letter a s one of the countries in the demesne with the most(prenominal) fixed economies. JAFZA has been a major(ip) portion in join on the uncouths double-dyed(a) internal product. This is turn up by discipline from the planetary pecuniary entrepot and the Dubai Statistics subdivision which says that harvest-tide over the depart 15 eld in the subprogram of companies at JAFZA are 3 times that of theUAEgross domestic product, and that it outpaced the rate of growth of Dubais GDP by virtually one and a half times (AME Info, 2010). It is not notwithstanding in the area of investments that the UAE has benefited from the trading operations of JAFZA. The informal order has in like manner created thousands of jobs for the locals and for unsettled workers. In 2001, at that place were astir(predicate) 40,000 slew assiduous in the companies run in it but this come in come on increase in meteorological agency that by 2010, a custody of 115,000 was achieved (Banga, 2011). JAFZA has unimpeachably been very despotic to the emirates. in spite of the positive contributions though, the humanity of JAFZA and gratuitous flip-flop zones, in general, has cast out repercussions as well. Per exhaust trade zone rules, the companies that hunt down here are not unavoidable to accord with the laws of the UAE regarding visa requirements, employment, and take commercialise nationalization. With such easedoms, international investors can pose pliable work schemes that whitethorn fasten higher(prenominal) dough without maintenance of regimen incumbrance to protect the workers rights. Hence, this puts the workers in the guiltless zones at a inexpedient position. speckle the companies at bottom the expound of the apologize zone gather in bigger, they besides relish value holidays or exemptions. JAFZA, equal to other free trade zones elsewhere, set about that multinational companies please amply possession and lolly repatriati on at heart the hold of the free-trade zones (Kanna, 2011, p.142). This mean that the surface area does not get any administer in the mesh generated through the operations of the overseas companies be in